Black-spotted Barbet © oiseaux.net

No very close allies. Possibly fairly close to Five-colored Barbet (Capito quinticolor). Was long considered to include Brown-chested Barbet (Capito brunneipectus) as subspecies, but that species differs markedly in morphology from all subspecies of present species, and has distinctive song; the two are perhaps not related directly. Nominate subspecies may be specifically distinct from all others, latter then constituting a separate polytypic species, Gilded Barbet (Capito auratus), but nominate niger may meet other subspecies in northern Brazil (Roraima). Given similarity of all forms herein included in present species, combined with individual distinctiveness of all American barbet species currently recognized, it seems best to avoid such a split until studies have been carried out in areas of possible overlap in Roraima. Many subspecies intergrade. Other subspecies described from north-western Brazil are transilens (upper R Negro), considered synonymous with nitidior, and novaolindae (Nova Olinda) and arimae (R Purús), both treated as synonymous with amazonicus, possibly fitting into a cline from orange-throated insperatus in southern towards red-throated amazonicus in north. Birds described as subspecies intermedius (west-central Venezuela) inseparable from aurantiicinctus. Forms macintyrei from south-western Colombia and Ecuador and conjunctus from Peru fall within range of variation of punctatus. Form "bolivianus" known only from type specimen of unknown locality, possibly from R Beni (northern Boli­via); now thought most likely to be an aberrant specimen of insperatus.

The following 9 subspecies are recognised:

• aurantiicinctus Dalmas, 1900   -  Venezuela in upper Orinoco region, western Bolí­var and Amazonas.
• niger (P. L. S. Müller, 1776)   -  Eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and north-eastern Brazil north of Amazon.
• punctatus (Lesson, 1830)   -  South-central Colombia (from Meta) along lower eastern Andes to central Peru (Juní­n area).
• nitidior Chapman, 1928   -  Extreme eastern Colombia and southern Venezuela south to near Peru-Brazil border (north of Amazon) and to lower R Japura.
• hypochondriacus Chapman, 1928   -  Northern Brazil from Roraima (Maraca) southern along R Branco to angle between lower R Negro and R Solimíµes.
• auratus (Dumont, 1816)   -  Northern, western Amazonia.
• amazonicus Deville and Des Murs, 1849   -  Western Brazil south of R Solimíµes from upper R Juruá and Tefe east to R Purús.
• orosae Chapman, 1928   -  Eastern Peru from R Orosa east to R Javari, south to extreme western Brazil (Cruzeiro del Sol region of Acre).
• insperatus Cherrie, 1916   -  South-eastern Peru, northern Bolivia and western Brazil (Calama).

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