Orange-backed Troupial (Icterus croconotus) [XC827220]
by JAYRSON ARAUJO DE OLIVEIRA from San Jose de Payamino (near San Jos\u00e9 de Payamino), Cant\u00f3n de Loreto, Orellana, Ecuador (song)
Orange-backed Troupial (Icterus croconotus) [XC431280]
by Rosendo Fraga from Presidente Hayes, Paraguay (song)
Subspecies
Icterus icterus (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) has been split into Venezuelan Troupial (Icterus icterus), Orange-backed Troupial (Icterus croconotus) and Campo Troupial (Icterus jamacaii) following SACC (2007).
Closely related to Venezuelan Troupial (Icterus icterus) and Campo Troupial (Icterus jamacaii) and all are often regarded as conspecific, but no intermediates or hybrids known in limited areas where ranges of present species and Campo Troupial (Icterus jamacaii) overlap in Brazil (R Palmeiras, in Tocantins), and no hybrids reported in areas where sympatry with escaped captives occurs (e.g. around Belém, in Pará, in northern Brazil).
Proposed taxon paraguayae (described from 265 km west of Puerto Casao, in Paraguayan Chaco), sometimes treated as a subspecies of Campo Troupial (Icterus jamacaii), is subsumed in subspecies strictifrons of present species.
The following 2 subspecies are recognised:
croconotus (Wagler, 1829) - Southern Guyana and adjacent northern Brazil (Roraima and north-western Amazonas). Also south-eastern Colombia (Putumayo), eastern Ecuador (Napo and Pastaza) and eastern Peru eastern in Brazil south of R Amazon to western Pará (R Tapajós, R Araguaia) and Tocantins, and south to north-western Bolivia (Pando).
strictifrons Todd, 1924 - Eastern Bolivia (Beni and Santa Cruz) east to central Brazil (Mato Grosso), and south through Paraguayan Chaco to northern Argentina (Salta, Formosa and Chaco).