White-throated Toucan (Ramphastos tucanus) [XC448417]
by Jerome Fischer from Parque Zoobot\u00e2nico da Universidade Federal do Acre, Brazil (song)
White-throated Toucan (Ramphastos tucanus) [XC276444]
by GABRIEL LEITE from Sucumb\u00edos: 'Sacha Lodge', n bank R\u00edo Napo, Ecuador (song)
Subspecies
Red-billed Toucan (Ramphastos tucanus) and Cuvier's Toucan (Ramphastos cuvieri) (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) have been lumped into Ramphastos tucanus following SACC (2006) and a review by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group.
No very close relatives. Fairly close to Yellow-throated Toucan (Ramphastos ambiguus), but probably not forming a superspecies. Together they constitute the so-called "yelping group" of toucans. Subspecies cuvieri considered a separate species by some, but interbreeds with nominate over vast area; variably intermediate populations occur in large area in Brazil from R Solimoes and Rondônia east to Pará, and from southern Venezuela to Mato Grosso and Goiás. Subspecies inca sometimes merged with cuvieri, with which intergrades, and inca appears to represent semi-stabilized hybrid population; in past, alternatively at times considered a distinct species. Forms named as "aurantiirostris", "erythrorhynchus" and "haematorhynchus" are merely red-billed or orange-billed variants of nominate subspecies; other described forms are monilis from Guyana and oblitus from R Tapajós, Brazil, both now included within nominate.
The following 3 subspecies are recognised:
cuvieri Wagler, 1827 - Southern and south-western Venezuela, also south-eastern Colombia and western Amazonian Brazil south to eastern Peru and northern Bolivia. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Cuvier's Toucan (Ramphastos cuvieri).
tucanus Linnaeus, 1758 - Eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and north-eastern Brazil east of R Negro and, south of Amazon, east of lower R Xingu in northern Pará and northern Maranhío.
BirdLife International Species Factsheet