N, western and eastern Bolivia (La Paz, eastern Beni and Santa Cruz), Paraguay, Brazil south of Amazon Basin (southern Mato Grosso, Goiás and western Minas Gerais south to northern Rio Grande do Sul), north-western and north-eastern Argentina (Salta south to northern Tucumán and northern Cordoba; Formosa and Misiones south to Santa Fe, Corrientes and Entre Ríos), and marginally western Uruguay.
 
Rarity Status
Currently this species is not classified as a rarity in this country OR information has not been updated.
Population
Estimated population is unknown (2010).
Tawny-bellied Seedeater (Sporophila) [XC28242]
by Adrian Eisen Rupp from Campo Grande, Itai\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (call)
Tawny-bellied Seedeater (Sporophila hypoxantha) [XC84726]
by Bernabe Lopez-Lanus from Passo do Lontra, Pantanal de Miranda, MS, Brazil (call, song)
Subspecies
No subspecies.
Molecular evidence suggests that genus is closely related to Oryzoborus, which should perhaps be subsumed within it. Further, that both genera should be placed in the tanager family (Thraupidae). This species was at one time considered conspecific with Ruddy-breasted Seedeater (Sporophila minuta), but molecular data and vocal details suggest that the two are not very closely related. A molecular-genetic study of 17 species in genus, including ten in "capped" group ("capuchinos"), indicated that latter form two clades, a northern clade largely north of R Amazon containing Ruddy-breasted Seedeater (Sporophila minuta) and Chestnut-bellied Seedeater (Sporophila castaneiventris), and a southern clade consisting of present species and Copper Seedeater (Sporophila bouvreuil), Rufous-rumped Seedeater (Sporophila hypochroma), Dark-throated Seedeater (Sporophila ruficollis), Marsh Seedeater (Sporophila palustris), Chestnut Seedeater (Sporophila cinnamomea) and Black-bellied Seedeater (Sporophila melanogaster). Determination of relationships within the southern clade not possible, as genetic differentiation very low and species are apparently part of a very recent and rapid radiation.