Golden-crowned Warbler (Basileuterus culicivorus) [XC708030]
by Alejandra Benitez Stanley from Silv\u00e2nia, Goi\u00e1s, Floresta Nacional de Silv\u00e2nia., Brazil (alarm call)
Golden-crowned Warbler (Basileuterus culicivorus) [XC556169]
by Steve Hampton from Parque Estadual de Intervales, Brazil (chamado)
Subspecies
Forms a superspecies with Three-banded Warbler (Basileuterus trifasciatus). Closely related also to White-bellied Warbler (Basileuterus hypoleucus), the two sometimes hybridizing in area of range overlap in southern Brazil and north-eastern Paraguay. Subspecies fall into three geographically discrete groups, the "culicivorus group" (also with brasierii, flavescens and godmani) of central America, "cabanisi group" (including also occultus, austerus and indignus) of northern Colombia and north-western Venezuela, and "auricapilla group" (remaining five races) of north-eastern and southern Venezuela and central-eastern South America; groups are sometimes regarded as three separate species. Birds of Oaxaca (southern Mexico) sometimes separated as subspecies ridgwayi. Subspecies brasierii has sometimes been emended to "brasherii", but original description incorrectly spells dedicatee Brasher as "Brasier", so original spelling must stand.
The following 14 subspecies are recognised:
brasierii (Giraud Jr, 1841) - Gulf slope of Mexico from Nuevo León and Tamaulipas south to Hidalgo and northern Veracruz.
flavescens Ridgway, 1902 - Western Mexico (Nayarit and Jalisco).
culicivorus (Deppe, 1830) - Eastern and southern Mexico south to northern Costa Rica.
godmani von Berlepsch, 1888 - Central Costa Rica south to western Panama.
occultus Zimmer, JT, 1949 - Colombia in western and central Andes (Antioquia south to Cauca) and eastern Andes (Magdalena and Santander).
austerus Zimmer, JT, 1949 - Colombia on eastern slope of eastern Andes (Boyacá, Cundinamarca and western Meta).
indignus Todd, 1916 - Santa Marta Mts (northern Colombia) and adjacent Sierra de Perijá (on Colombia-Venezuela border).
cabanisi von Berlepsch, 1879 - North-eastern Colombia and mountains of north-western Venezuela. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Yellow-crowned Warbler (Basileuterus cabanisi).
olivascens Chapman, 1893 - North-eastern Venezuela (Sucre, Monagas and Anzoátegui) and Trinidad.
segrex Zimmer, JT & Phelps, 1949 - Tepuis of southern Venezuela, western Guyana and northern Brazil.
auricapilla (Swainson, 1838) - Central and eastern Brazil. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Golden-crowned Warbler (Basileuterus auricapilla).
azarae Zimmer, JT, 1949 - Paraguay, north-western and north-eastern Argentina, southern and south-eastern Brazil and Uruguay.
hypoleucus Bonaparte, 1850 - Lowlands of eastern Bolivia to north-eastern Paraguay and south-central Brazil. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, White-bellied Warbler (Basileuterus hypoleucus).
BirdLife International Species Factsheet