American Robin (Turdus migratorius) [XC320027]
by from Trail Ridge Road, Larimer Co., Colorado, United States (call, song)
American Robin (Turdus migratorius) [XC566186]
by from San Francisco Peninsula (near San Francisco), San Francisco County, California, United States (song)
Subspecies
Has in the past been thought to form a superspecies with Rufous-collared Thrush (Turdus rufitorques) on account of behavioural and vocal similarities, but plumages rather different. Highly distinctive subspecies confinis has been treated as a separate species. Geographical variation in rest of range rather clinal.
Proposed subspecies aleucus (from Texas) considered indistinguishable from propinquus.
The following 7 subspecies are recognised:
migratorius Linnaeus, 1766 - Alaska (except south-east) and Canada (except south-western and east) south to central and north-eastern USA (south-western Kansas, Pennsylvania, New Jersey). Non-breeding eastern USA and eastern Mexico.
caurinus (Grinnell, 1909) - South-eastern Alaska and coastal western Canada. Non-breeding south to south-western USA (to central-western California).
propinquus Ridgway, 1877 - South-western Canada (south-eastern British Columbia east to south-western Saskatchewan) and western USA (Montana to California) south to central Mexico (south to Jalisco, Oaxaca and Veracruz). Non-breeding south to Guatemala.
achrusterus (Batchelder, 1900) - South-eastern USA (Oklahoma east to Virginia, south to Texas and Florida). Non-breeding south to south-eastern Mexico.
confinis Baird, SF, 1864 - Western Mexico (Sierra Victoria, in southern Baja California). Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, San Lucas Robin (Turdus confinis).
phillipsi Bangs, 1915 - Highlands of south-western Mexico (Jalisco, Guanajuato, southern Hidalgo south to southern Oaxaca).
BirdLife International Species Factsheet