White-necked Thrush (Turdus albicollis) [XC724858]
by Jo\u00e3o Vitor Oliveira de Souza from Santo Amaro da Imperatriz, Hotel Plaza SPA, Santa Catarina, Brazil (call)
White-necked Thrush (Turdus albicollis) [XC843452]
by Alain Malengreau from PN Iguacu, Parana state, Brazil (song)
Subspecies
Subspecies form two groups, the "assimilis group" of Middle America and the "nominate group" of South America, commonly treated as two separate species. In addition, subspecies daguae recently considered possibly a separate species, and the three subspecies in extreme south-east of range (nominate, paraguayensis, crotopezus) have been proposed as representing a further species on basis of minor differences. In all cases, however, evidence for such splitting has not been coherently marshalled, and in some instances involves largely subjective vocal assessments. Moreover, some subspecies very weakly differentiated and possibly untenable.
Proposed subspecies oblitus (from Costa Rica) merged with leucauchen.
Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
The following 21 subspecies are recognised:
calliphthongus Vieillot, 1818 - North-western Mexico. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
lygrus Oberholser, 1921 - Central and southern Mexico. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
suttoni A. R. Phillips, 1991 - Eastern Mexico (south-western Tamaulipas and north-eastern San Luis Potosí). Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
assimilis Cabanis, 1850 - Central Mexico. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
rubicundus (Dearborn, 1907) - South-eastern Mexico, western Guatemala and El Salvador. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
leucauchen P. L. Sclater, 1859 - Southern Mexico southern on Atlantic slope to Costa Rica. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
benti A. R. Phillips, 1991 - South-western El Salvador. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
hondurensis A. R. Phillips, 1991 - L Yojoa area of central Honduras. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
atrotinctus W. deW. Miller and Griscom, 1925 - Eastern Honduras and northern Nicaragua. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
cnephosus (Bangs, 1902) - South-western Costa Rica and western Panama. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
campanicola A. R. Phillips, 1991 - Cerro Campana, in central Panama. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
croizati A. R. Phillips, 1991 - Azuero Peninsula, in south-central Panama. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
coibensis Eisenmann, 1950 - Coiba I and associated islets (off southern Panama). Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
daguae Berlepsch, 1897 - Eastern Panama south to north-western Ecuador. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Dagua Thrush (Turdus daguae). Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
phaeopygoides Seebohm, 1881 - North-eastern Colombia, northern Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
phaeopygus Cabanis, 1849 - Eastern Colombia east to the Guianas and northern Brazil. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
spodiolaemus von Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896 - Eastern Ecuador and western Brazil south to northern Bolivia. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
contemptus Hellmayr, 1902 - Southern Bolivia. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
paraguayensis (Chubb, C, 1910) - South-western Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
crotopezus Lichtenstein, MHK, 1823 - Eastern Brazil. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
albicollis Vieillot, 1818 - South-eastern Brazil and northern Uruguay. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis).
BirdLife International Species Factsheet