Habitat
Subtropical and tropical montane moist forest. Also, subtropical and tropical dry forest, lowland dry shrubland, high altitude shrubland, heavily degraded former forest. From sea-level - 5,000 m.
Northern Raven (Corvus corax) [XC860626]
by Jo\u00e3o Tom\u00e1s from Valencia de Don Juan (near Gusendos de los Oteros), Le\u00f3n, Castilla y Le\u00f3n, Spain (call)
Northern Raven (Corvus corax) [XC880911]
by Lars Edenius from Degersj\u00f6n, Ume\u00e5 Municipality, V\u00e4sterbottens l\u00e4n, Sweden (call)
Nest
A large pile of sticks with a cup lined with wool and hair, usually high in a tree or on a cliff ledge.
Eggs (Guide)
4 - 6; light blue to blue-green, with variable olive and dark brown markings.
Subspecies
The following 11 subspecies are recognised:
principalis Ridgway, 1887 - Alaska eastern across ice-free portions of Canada to coasts of Greenland, southern in USA to Pacific coast of Oregon and Washington and, in east, in Appalachian Mts south to northern Georgia.
sinuatus Wagler, 1829 - Rocky Mts from south-western Canada (British Columbia) southern in eastern USA through Idaho, Montana, Utah and Colorado and through Great Plains, Great Basin and south-western mountains, to mainland Mexico and Nicaragua.
clarionensis Rothschild & Hartert, 1902 - South-eastern USA (northern California) south through north-western Mexico (Baja California, including Clarion I) and east through Mojave Desert.
varius Brünnich, 1764 - Iceland and Faroe Is.
corax Linnaeus, 1758 - North-western Europe from British Is and Fennoscandia south through western and central Europe and east to central Siberia (R Yenisei).
kamtschaticus Dybowski, 1883 - Siberia east to Kamchatka, Commander Is and coastal regions of Sea of Okhotsk, south to northern Mongolia, north-eastern China, Sakhalin I, Kurils and northern Japan (Hokkaido).
hispanus Hartert & Kleinschmidt, O, 1901 - Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Is, Corsica, Sardinia and Italy.
laurencei Hume, 1873 - Eastern Greece and Cyprus east through Middle East to eastern Kazakhstan, western China (except mountains) and northern India.
tibetanus Hodgson, 1849 - Central Asia from Tien Shan and Pamirs south to Himalayas and western China mountains.
canariensis Hartert & Kleinschmidt, O, 1901 - Canary Is.
tingitanus Irby, 1874 - Coastal regions of northern Africa from Morocco (south to pre-Saharian Atlas) east to Egypt.
The Reader's Digest Book of British Birds 1980, 3rd Edition, Drive Publications Ltd ISBN 0 340 25308 8
Birds in Colour Campbell, B., 1960, Penguin Books Ltd
The Pocket Guide to Nest and Eggs Fitter, R.S.R., 1954, Collins
RSPB Handbook of British Birds Holden, P., Cleeves, T., 2002, A & C Black ISBN 0 7136 5713 8
Birds of Britain and Europe Sterry, P., et al., 2001, AA Publishing ISBN 0 7495 3068 5
The Popular Handbook of British Birds Hollom, P.A.D., 1973, H.F. & G. Witherby Ltd ISBN 0 85493 002 7
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BirdLife International Species Factsheet