Other Names (World)
Western Scrub-Jay, Western Scrub Jay, Scrub Jay, California Jay, California Scrub-jay (nominate group), Woodhouse's Scrub-jay (woodhouseii group), Sumichrast's Scrub-jay (sumichrasti, remota), California Scrub Jay
California Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma californica) [XC578097]
by Steve Hampton from Palomarin, Marin County, California, United States (call)
California Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma californica) [XC662069]
by Thomas G. Graves from Mike's Sky Rancho, Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico (alarm call, call)
Subspecies
May form a superspecies with Santa Cruz Jay (Aphelocoma insularis) and Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens), and all were previously treated as conspecific. Relationships of this group with Ultramarine Jay (Aphelocoma ultramarina) and Unicolored Jay (Aphelocoma unicolor) yet to be resolved, as recent studies indicate that divergence of these three major lineages within the genus was apparently rapid, leading to conflict among genetic markers. Hybridizes with Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) in captivity and may perhaps hybridize with Steller's Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri) in the wild. Subspecies fall into three fairly well-defined groups, "nominate group" (incorporating also immanis, caurina, oocleptica, obscura, cana and hypoleuca), "woodhouseii group" (incorporating also nevadae, texana, grisea and cyanotis), and "sumichrasti group" (with remota); these possibly represent three distinct species. Subspecies cana is possibly merely a hybrid between nominate subspecies and obscura; immanis, caurina and oocleptica sometimes subsumed in nominate.
Proposed subspecies cactophila (from central Baja California, in north-western Mexico) synonymized with hypoleuca. Birds from south-central USA and north-central Mexico described as suttoni, but considered inseparable from nevadae.
The following 15 subspecies are recognised:
immanis Grinnell, 1901 - North-western USA (western Washington, coastal and interior Oregon).
caurina Pitelka, 1951 - From coastal southern Oregon south to California (Napa and Sonoma Counties, and east to inner Coast Ranges).
oocleptica Swarth, 1918 - South-central Oregon south to interior central California (including Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys and adjacent Coast Ranges south to San Francisco peninsula), Sierra Nevada foothills and east to western Nevada.
californica (Vigors, 1839) - Coast Range of central California (from San Mateo County and south-eastern Alameda County south to south-western Ventura County).
obscura Anthony, 1889 - South-western California (highlands of Mojave Desert) and extreme north-western Mexico (northern Baja California).
cana Pitelka, 1951 - Eagle Mt, in Joshua Tree National Park (south-eastern California).
hypoleuca Ridgway, 1887 - Central and southern Baja California.
nevadae Pitelka, 1945 - Interior south-western USA (throughout Great Basin, mountains in Death Valley and Mojave Desert, and south-western New Mexico) south to northern Mexico (north-eastern Sonora and north-western Chihuahua). Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of Woodhouse's Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma woodhouseii).
woodhouseii (S. F. Baird, 1858) - Foothills of Rocky Mts from Utah and southern Wyoming south to northern Arizona and Colorado, east to western Oklahoma and Texas (including Big Bend), and northern Mexico (northern Chihuahua). Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Woodhouse's Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma woodhouseii). Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of Woodhouse's Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma woodhouseii).
texana Ridgway, 1902 - Edwards Plateau (west-central Texas). Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of Woodhouse's Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma woodhouseii).
grisea Nelson, 1899 - North-western Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental, mostly in Chihuahua). Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of Woodhouse's Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma woodhouseii).
cyanotis Ridgway, 1887 - Eastern Mexico (lower Sierra Madre Oriental). Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of Woodhouse's Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma woodhouseii).
sumichrasti (Ridgway, 1874) - Southern Mexico (Distrito Federal east to Veracruz, Oaxaca and Isthmus of Tehuantepec). Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of Woodhouse's Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma woodhouseii).
remota Griscom, 1934 - South-western Oaxaca and central Guerrero, in southern Mexico. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of Woodhouse's Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma woodhouseii).
cactophila Huey, 1942 - Central Baja California (latitude 29º30' to Bahía Magdalena).