Black-throated Spinetail (Synallaxis castanea) [XC230199]
by id from Colonia Tovar area, Aragua, Venezuela (song)
Subspecies
No subspecies.
Forms a superspecies with Rufous Spinetail (Synallaxis unirufa) and Rusty-headed Spinetail (Synallaxis fuscorufa) and all three have sometimes been considered conspecific, but substantial vocal differences documented and reciprocal playback trials reveal pronounced vocal discrimination.