White-crowned Manakin (Pseudopipra pipra) [XC275103]
by Jeremy Minns from Napo: 3 km NW Guagua Sumaco, Ecuador (song)
White-crowned Manakin (Pseudopipra pipra) [XC436025]
by JAYRSON ARAUJO DE OLIVEIRA from Reserva Natural Palmar\u00ed, Rio Javar\u00ed, AM, Brazil (song)
Subspecies
Genus often merged with Pipra. Subspecies in Central America and western part of South American range differ vocally from eastern ones, and may represent a distinct species; taxonomic status of isolated subspecies cephaleucos uncertain; further study required.
The following 13 subspecies are recognised:
anthracina (Ridgway, 1906) - Central and eastern Costa Rica and western Panama (west of Canal Zone).
bolivari (Meyer de Schauensee, 1950) - North-western Colombia (upper Sinú Valley east to southern Bolívar).
minima (Chapman, 1917) - South-western Colombia on western side of western Andes.
unica (Meyer de Schauensee, 1945) - Subtropical zone of north-central and southern Colombia (Magdalena Valley).
coracina (Sclater, PL, 1856) - North-western Venezuela (Perijá Mts, and south-eastern Lara south to south-eastern Táchira) south, on eastern slope of eastern Andes, to eastern Ecuador and north-central Peru (north of R Marañón).
discolor (Zimmer, JT, 1936) - North-eastern Peru.
occulta (Zimmer, JT, 1936) - North-central Peru on eastern side of central Andes.
pygmaea (Zimmer, JT, 1936) - Lower R Huallaga, in north-central Peru.
comata (von Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894) - East-central Peru (southern Pasco south to northern Cuzco).
microlopha (Zimmer, JT, 1929) - Eastern Peru (south of R Marañón) and western Brazil.
pipra (Linnaeus, 1758) - Southern and eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and lowland eastern Colombia and Brazil mainly north of Amazon (east to Amapá, crossing to southern bank at Tefé).
separabilis (Zimmer, JT, 1936) - Southern side of lower Amazon from R Tapajós east to northern Maranhío.
cephaleucos (Thunberg, 1822) - Coastal eastern Brazil (southern Bahia south to Rio de Janeiro).
BirdLife International Species Factsheet