Bhutan (B), Cambodia (B), China (mainland) (B), India (B), Indonesia (B), Laos (B), Malaysia (B), Myanmar (B), Nepal (B), Thailand (B), Vietnam (B).
Vagrant to Bangladesh (B), Singapore.
Western Ghats (south-western India); southern Himalayas (Garhwal and Kumaon) east to north-central Myanmar, southern China (western Yunnan) and Vietnam, and south to Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.
Rarity Status
Currently this species is not classified as a rarity in this country OR information has not been updated.
Population
Estimated population is unknown (2010) and decreasing.
Status VU
Habitat destruction through logging of large trees and hunting are the main threats.
For more information see BirdLife International Species Factsheet.
Habits
Small to large groups.
Food
Mainly fruit, especially figs. Also small mammals, birds, reptiles, insects.
Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) [XC26259]
by David Edwards from Cat Tien National Park, Cochinchina, Vietnam (song)
Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) [XC736176]
by Martjan Lammertink from Paya Wa northeast transect, Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park, Thailand (call)
Nest
In a hollow of a large tree.
Eggs (Guide)
1 - 2. Incubation: 38 - 40 days; by female. Female sealed into nest with a cement composed of droppings, vegetable matter, clay and saliva, and fed by male.
Subspecies
Forms a superspecies with Rhinoceros Hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros). Hybridization with latter reported both in wild and in captivity. Birds from Asian mainland have been separated as subspecies homrai on basis of larger size, but variation seems to be clinal. The south-western Indian population described as subspecies cavatus, but apparently inseparable from those in north of Subcontinent.
BirdLife International Species Factsheet