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Species Details [Taxonomy: HBW - BirdLife (v3)] Print... Email... 

 LC    Black-winged Stilt* Id (Atlas):
    Himantopus himantopus

Description (10)
Image of Black-winged Stilt
  Large. Long necked, long thin straight bill, and extremely long thin legs. Sexes similar.

Male: Breeding: All white except, back, hind neck (leucocephalous only), wings, both above and below, black. In flight legs extend well beyond tail. Eye, red. Bill, black. Legs, pinkish to pinkish-red. Non-breeding: Similar but crown and hind neck may become greyish.

Female: Like male but back has brown tones.

Immatures: Crown and hind neck greyish to almost black. Back, wings, dark brown. Feathers edged with buff giving a scaly appearance. Legs, pinkish-red.


Other Names (World)
Black-winged Stilt, Common Stilt, Pied Stilt (leucocephalus), White-headed Stilt (leucocephalus), Hawaiian Stilt (knudseni), Black-necked Stilt (mexicanus), White-backed Stilt (melanurus), White-necked Stilt, Black-throated Stilt, Longshanks, Dog-bird, Long-legged Plover, Stilt-Plover

Family
Recurvirostridae (Avocets, Stilts)

Size
36 - 39 cm

First Described (Guide)
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Derivation
Hi-mant'-o-pus - Gk, himantopous, water-bird: hi-mant'-o-pus - Gk, himantopous, water-bird

Habitat
Fresh and brackish swamps. Shallow river or lake margins. Flooded claypans. Dams, sewerage ponds, saltfields, saltmarsh, tidal estuaries, mudflats.

Range (Guide)
Afghanistan (P), Albania (B), Algeria, Angola, Armenia (B), Austria (B), Azerbaijan (B) (P), Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus (B), Belgium (B), Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria (B) (NB), Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China (mainland), Congo [The Democratic Republic of the], Côte dIvoire, Croatia (Local Name: Hrvatska) (B) (P), Cyprus (B) (P), Czech Republic (B), Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France (B) (NB) (P), Gabon, Gambia, Georgia (B), Germany (B), Ghana, Greece (B) (NB) (P), Guam (NB), Guinea, Guinea-bissau, Hong Kong (China), Hungary (B), India, Iran [Islamic Republic of] (B) (NB) (P), Iraq (B) (NB) (P), Israel (B) (P), Italy (B) (NB) (P), Japan, Jordan (B) (P), Kazakhstan (B), Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan (B), Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Macedonia [The Former Yugoslav Republic of] (B) (NB), Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Micronesia [Federated States of] (NB), Moldova [Republic of] (B) (P), Mongolia (B), Montenegro (B), Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles (B), Niger, Nigeria, Northern Mariana Islands (NB), Oman (B), Pakistan, Palau (NB), Philippines, Poland (B), Portugal (B) (NB), Qatar, Romania (B) (P), Russia (Central Asian) (B), Russia (European) (B) (P), Rwanda, Saudi Arabia (NB), Senegal, Serbia (B), Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia (Slovak Republic) (B), Slovenia (B), Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain (B) (NB) (P), Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Switzerland (B), Syrian Arab Republic (B), Taiwan (China) (NB), Tajikistan (B), Tanzania [United Republic of], Thailand, Timor-Leste (B) (NB), Togo, Tunisia (NB), Turkey (B) (NB), Turkmenistan (B), Uganda, Ukraine (B) (P), United Arab Emirates (B) (P), United Kingdom (B), Uzbekistan (B), Vietnam, Western Sahara (B), Yemen (NB) (P), Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Vagrant to Congo [The Democratic Republic of the], Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Gibraltar, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Maldives, North Korea, Norway, Seychelles, Sweden, USA.

Population
Estimated population is 450,000 - 780,000 (2010).

Status LC
Susceptibility to avian influenza and botulism are the main threats.

For more information see BirdLife International Species Factsheet.

Habits
In pairs or family groups when breeding and in small to large flocks outside the breeding season.

Food
Aquatic animals and plants.

Voice
Single yelping or puppy-like barking call, persistently repeated, in contact. Sharper in alarm. Higher-pitched warning piping notes in flight. Varied, short nasal, bleating.



Xeno-Canto Sound Files (more (498)...)

 
Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus) [XC724418]
     by Sergi from Premi\u00e0 de Mar, China (alarm call)

 
Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus) [XC513810]
     by from Tambon Laem Phak Bia, Amphoe Ban Laem, Chang Wat Phetchaburi, India (alarm call)

Nest
A slight hollow in mud at the water's edge or a compact structure, composed of dried aquatic plants, in a swamp, near water, or a raised platform over shallow water. Breeding is usually in colonies, but nests are scattered along the margins of lakes or swamps.

Eggs (Guide)
Usually 4; smooth, dull green or stone, heavily marked with purple-brown and black with underlying lavender lines; pyriform; about 45 x 29 mm. Incubation: 22 - 25 days; both sexes, in short spells.

Young
Precocial, nidifugous.

Subspecies
Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus) and Pied Stilt (Himantopus leucocephalus) are retained as separate species by BirdLife International whereas Christidis and Boles (1994) and Turbott (1990) include Pied Stilt (Himantopus leucocephalus) as a subpecies of Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus). Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus) and White-backed Stilt (Himantopus melanurus) have been lumped into Himantopus mexicanus following AOU (1998), SACC (2006) and a review by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group.

Some authors do not recognise the above splits and / or lumpings. In these cases we have subspecies.

Forms superspecies with Black Stilt (Himantopus novaezelandiae), with which known to hybridize and which is sometimes considered conspecific. Subspecies often considered to warrant recognition of 2 - 5 distinct species. Subspecies can be split into three groups: nominate subspecies; "pied" subspecies, leucocephalus; and "black-necked" subspecies knudseni, mexicanus and melanurus. Geographical variation also claimed in southern Africa and Sri Lanka, in forms meridionalis and ceylonensis respectively, but both show considerable overlap with other populations of nominate himantopus.

The following 5 subspecies are recognised:

  • himantopus (Linnaeus, 1758)   -  Southern Eurasia, India, Sri Lanka, south-eastern Asia and Africa.
  • leucocephalous (Gould, 1837)   -  Philippines and south through Indonesia to the Bismarck Islands, Australia and New Zealand. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Pied Stilt (Himantopus leucocephalus).
  • mexicanus (P.L.S.Müller, 1776)   -  Western, southern USA to Peru and eastern Brazil, Hawaiian Islands. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus).
  • knudseni (Stejneger, 1887)   -  Hawaiian Islands. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus).
  • melanurus (Vieillot, 1817)   -  Peru and north-eastern Brazil to south-central Argentina. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, White-backed Stilt (Himantopus melanurus).


Similar Species
Pied Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta)
Larger. Bill is dramatically upturned. Legs are blue-grey. Head has more black. Wings have more white which shows as two wing bars in flight.

Compare Images


References
See References.

The Field Guide to the Birds of Australia Pizzey, G., and Knight, E., 1997, Angus & Robertson, Sydney ISBN 0 207 19691 5
Field Guide to Australian Birds Morecombe, M., 2000, Steve Parish Publishing Pty Ltd. ISBN 1 876282 10 X
Field Guide to the Birds of Australia Simpson, K., and Day, N., 1999, 6th Edition, Viking ISBN 0 670 87918 5
Reader's Digest Complete Book of Australian Birds 1988, 2nd Edition, Reader's Digest ISBN 0 949819 99 9
What Bird is That? 1984, Revised Edition, Angus & Robertson, Sydney ISBN 0 207 14846 5
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds 1990 - , Oxford University Press, Melbourne ISBN 0 19 553244 9


Files:
JPG files for Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus) - 10 filesMP3 files for Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus) - 1 files


More Information

BirdLife International

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