| Species Details [Taxonomy: HBW - BirdLife (v3)] |
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Orphean Warbler* |
Id (Atlas): |
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Sylvia hortensis |
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Description (10)
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Orphean Warbler
© birdguides.com
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Other Names (World)
Western Orphean Warbler, Orphean Warbler, Red Sea Warbler, Blanford's Warbler (somaliensis, blanfordi)
Family
Sylviidae (Old World Warblers And Parrotbills)
Size
15 cm
First Described (Guide)
(Gmelin, 1789)
Habitat
Mediterranean-type shrubland. From sea-level - 3,000 m.
Afghanistan (B), Albania (B), Algeria, Andorra (B), Armenia (B), Azerbaijan (B), Bahrain (P), Bosnia and Herzegovina (B), Bulgaria (B), Chad, Croatia (Local Name: Hrvatska) (B), Cyprus (P), Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France (B), Gambia, Georgia (B), Gibraltar, Greece (B) (P), Iran [Islamic Republic of] (B), Iraq (P), Israel (B), Italy (B), Jordan (B) (P), Kazakhstan (B), Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan (B), Lebanon (B), Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Macedonia [The Former Yugoslav Republic of] (B), Mauritania, Montenegro (B), Morocco, Niger, Oman, Portugal (B), Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia (B), Slovenia (E) (B), Spain (B), Sudan, Switzerland (B), Syrian Arab Republic (B), Tajikistan (B), Tunisia, Turkey (B), Turkmenistan (B), United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan (B), Western Sahara, Yemen.
Vagrant to Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Luxembourg, Malta, Nepal, Slovakia (Slovak Republic), United Kingdom.
Unknown to Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria.
Population
Estimated population is 1,000,000 - 6,000,000 (2010).
Status LC
For more information see BirdLife International Species Factsheet.
Subspecies
Sylvia crassirostris (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) has been split into Eastern Orphean Warbler (Sylvia crassirostris) and Orphean Warbler (Sylvia hortensis) on the basis of differences in coloration, biometrics and mt-DNA (Shirihai et al. 2001), to which Baerlein et al. (2006), although they did not accept the split, added moult pattern. However, the colour differences are minor, the biometric differences (as independently presented in Cramp 1992) show much overlap, the vocal differences are not particularly strong (and with no indication whether they converge where the ranges converge), the moult pattern is difficult to evaluate taxonomically, and the molecular evidence remains unpublished after at least six years. Therefore this split is not accepted by BirdLife International until better evidence is provided.
Has sometimes been considered to form a superspecies with Arabian Warbler (Sylvia leucomelaena). Recent phenotypic and genetic studies suggest that both are closely related to, and form a clade with, Yemen Warbler (Sylvia buryi) and Brown Warbler (Sylvia lugens). Subspecies of present species constitute two groups, one in western (nominate) and the other in eastern (the remaining three subspecies). Recent studies indicate that these two groups differ markedly from each other in mitochondrial DNA and constantly so in plumage, moult pattern, bill morphology and song, suggesting that they should perhaps be treated as separate species. Within eastern group, racial differences rather slight and clinal, plumage becoming paler and greyer, hood blacker, size larger, and bill and tail longer from east to west.
The following 5 subspecies are recognised:
- hortensis (Gmelin, 1789) - Breeds south-western and southern Europe (east to Switzerland and Italy) and north-western Africa (south-western Morocco east to north-eastern Libya). Non-breeding western Sahel (Senegal east to Niger and Chad).
- crassirostris Cretzschmar, 1830 - South-eastern Europe to central Asia. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Eastern Orphean Warbler (Sylvia crassirostris).
- balchanica Zarudny and Bilkevich, 1918 - Breeds from south-western Caspian Sea region and north-eastern Iraq east to south-eastern Turkmenistan and south-eastern Iran. Non-breeding southern Iran, southern Pakistan and south-eastern Arabia (United Arab Emirates, Oman). Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of Eastern Orphean Warbler (Sylvia crassirostris).
- jerdoni (Blyth, 1847) - Breeds southern Kazakhstan, eastern Uzbekistan and western Kyrgyzstan south to Afghanistan, also extreme south-eastern Iran and western Pakistan. Non-breeding India. Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of Eastern Orphean Warbler (Sylvia crassirostris).
- cyrenaicae Svensson, 2012 - North-eastern Libya (Cyrenaica).
References
See References.
Files:
BirdLife International
For more information about the Orphean Warbler see...  BirdLife International Species Factsheet.
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