Black Francolin (Francolinus francolinus) [XC877566]
by id from G\u00f6ksu deltas\u0131, Silifke, Mersin, Turkey (song)
Black Francolin (Francolinus francolinus) [XC362923]
by Aidan Place from Manas National Park, Assam, India (song)
Subspecies
Black Francolin (Francolinus francolinus), Painted Francolin (Francolinus pictus) and Chinese Francolin (Francolinus pintadeanus) form a closely related species group. Hybridization with Painted Francolin (Francolinus pictus) occurs in areas of contact. Restricted population of Amik Gölü, southern Turkey, has been awarded separate subspecies, billypayni, though usually included in nominate.
The following 6 subspecies are recognised:
francolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) - Cyprus and Asia Minor to eastern Transcaucasia and Iran, and south through Syria to Israel.
arabistanicus Zarudny & Härms, 1913 - Southern Iraq and western Iran.
bogdanovi Zarudny, 1906 - Southern Iran east to southern Pakistan.
henrici Bonaparte, 1856 - Southern Pakistan and Kutch (Gujarat, western India).
asiae Bonaparte, 1856 - Northern India (except Kutch) east to western Bihar and Orissa.
melanonotus Hume, 1888 - Eastern India, from Assam and Sikkim to Manipur, and Bangladesh.