Subspecies grayi has been considered a separate species, but intergrades with nominate in south-eastern Peru. Subspecies nattereri of Red-throated Piping-guan (Pipile cujubi) has been considered subspecies of Blue-throated Piping-Guan (Pipile cumanensis), but is sympatric with subspecies grayi of Blue-throated Piping-Guan (Pipile cumanensis) in southern Mato Grosso.
Has hybridized with Chaco Chachalaca (Ortalis canicollis) in captivity.
The following 2 subspecies are recognised:
cumanensis (Jacquin, 1784) - The Guianas, Venezuela south of R Orinoco, north-western Brazil and Amazonian parts of central and eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru.
grayi (Pelzeln, 1870) - South-eastern Peru, Amazonian north-central and eastern Bolivia, south-western Brazil and north-eastern Paraguay. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, White-throated Piping-guan (Pipile grayi).