Eurasian Treecreeper (Certhia familiaris) [XC778327]
by Giuseppe Speranza from Stockholm, Stockholm Municipality, Stockholm County, United Kingdom (song)
Eurasian Treecreeper (Certhia familiaris) [XC540746]
by Cedric Mroczko from Coutarnoux, Yonne, Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9, Sweden (song)
Nest
A cup of grass on twigs, usually behind loose tree-bark, lined with hair.
Eggs (Guide)
5 - 6; white with fine reddish-brown speckles.
Subspecies
Certhia familiaris (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) has been split into Eurasian Treecreeper (Certhia familiaris) and Hodgson's Treecreeper (Certhia hodgsoni) following Tietze et al.(2006).
Formerly treated as conspecific with Hodgson's Treecreeper (Certhia hodgsoni) and American Treecreeper (Certhia americana), but both of these differ genetically and vocally from present species. Isolated Corsican subspecies, corsa, rather distinctive, but appears to be related to macrodactyla. Geographical variation otherwise minor, to some extent clinal, plumage becoming paler and greyer and white streaking better defined eastern from northern Europe (slightly paler, greyer birds from eastern European Russia and western Siberia once separated as subspecies "rossica"), but this cline reversed in south-eastern Russia (Amurland), north-eastern China and Japan. Also, a cline of increasing colour saturation in Europe from northern (nominate subspecies) to southern and western (macrodactyla), British birds (britannica) representing western extension of cline; nominate subspecies intergrades with macrodactyla in western (Germany-Poland region) and with daurica in eastern (Yenisey basin, in south-central Siberia). Southern subspecies persica and tianschanica closely resemble nominate, and perhaps better merged with it. In extreme east of species' range, proposed subspecies kurilensis, described from Kuril Is and orientalis, from R Sidemi, in southern Ussuriland, are treated as synonyms of daurica. Subspecies kurilensis, however, possibly exhibits some constant differences in coloration from last, and may merit recognition.
The following 11 subspecies are recognised:
britannica Ridgway, 1882 - Ireland and Britain (except Is of Scilly, Orkney and Shetland).
macrodactyla Brehm, CL, 1831 - Western Europe east to Poland (R Oder), Slovakia and central Hungary, south to northern Spain (Cordillera Cantabrica, Sierra Cebollera and Pyrenees), Italy (Alps, locally Appennines south to Abruzzese) and north-western Croatia.
corsa Hartert, 1905 - Corsica.
familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 - Fennoscandia and eastern Europe (from Poland) east to western Siberia (Yenisey basin), south to Greece (Pindos range and northern mountains east to Rodopi range), north-western Turkey (Thrace) and northern Ukraine.
daurica Domaniewski, 1922 - South-central Siberia (from Yenisey basin) east to southern Sea of Okhotsk, Sakhalin I and Kurils (Urup, Iturup and Shikotan), south to north-eastern Kazakhstan, northern Mongolia, north-eastern China (Heilongjiang south to Liaoning, northern Hebei and Beijing), south-eastern Russia (Amurland, Ussuriland), northern Japan (Hokkaido) and northern North Korea.
persica Zarudny & Loudon, 1905 - Northern Iran (Elburz Mts east to Gonbad-e-Kavus).
tianschanica Hartert, 1905 - South-eastern Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan eastern in Tien Shan to north-western China (Xinjiang east to Hami).
bianchii Hartert, 1905 - Northern China in eastern Qinghai, north-western and western Gansu, Shaanxi (northern flanks of Qin Ling Range) and Shanxi (Pangquanguo Reserve).
japonica Hartert, 1897 - Southern Japan (Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu).
orientalis Domaniewski, 1922 - Amurland to north-eastern China, Kuril Is., Sakhalin, Hokkaido and Korea.
The Reader's Digest Book of British Birds 1980, 3rd Edition, Drive Publications Ltd ISBN 0 340 25308 8
Birds in Colour Campbell, B., 1960, Penguin Books Ltd
The Pocket Guide to Nest and Eggs Fitter, R.S.R., 1954, Collins
RSPB Handbook of British Birds Holden, P., Cleeves, T., 2002, A & C Black ISBN 0 7136 5713 8
Birds of Britain and Europe Sterry, P., et al., 2001, AA Publishing ISBN 0 7495 3068 5
The Popular Handbook of British Birds Hollom, P.A.D., 1973, H.F. & G. Witherby Ltd ISBN 0 85493 002 7