Habitat
Marine, circumpolar in sub-Antarctic and Antarctic waters, north of northern limit of pack-ice. Also pelagic, but some time spent foraging close to shore.
Southern Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome) [XC555360]
by Frank Lambert from Mayes, France (begging call, song, hatchling or nestling)
Southern Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome) [XC70519]
by \u00c9mile Brisson-Curadeau from Isla Pinguino, Puerto Deseado, Santa Cruz, Argentina (call)
Nest
A scrape in the ground, usually lined, with pebbles, and less often with grass and other vegetable material, on the ground on rocky scree, in natural tunnels in old lava flows, in fissures, caves in callapsing cliffs, sometimes in areas of tussock and other dense vegetation. In simple pairs, in colonies, often large.
Eggs (Guide)
2, rarely 3; dull white, green tinged but becoming stained; oval; first egg averaging 64 x 46 mm, the second being slightly larger, 72 x 53 mm. Incubation: both sexes, but by female first.
Young
Semi-altricial, nidicolous. Fledge in 67 - 72 days.
Subspecies
Eudyptes chrysocome (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) has been split into Southern Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome) and Northern Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes moseleyi) following Jouventin et al. (2006). It is proposed that Eudyptes filholi be split from Eudyptes chrysocome by Banks et al. (2006), by this is not recognised by BirdLife International.
The following 3 subspecies are recognised:
chrysocome (Forster, 1781) - Cape Horn, Falkland Is.
filholi Hutton, FW, 1879 - Southern Ocean, from Prince Edward Is east to Antipodes Is. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Eastern Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes filholi).
moseleyi Mathews and Iredale, 1921 - Tristan da Cunha, Gough, St. Paul and Amsterdam islands. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Northern Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes moseleyi).
Similar Species
Macaroni Penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus)
Much larger. Has a massive bill. Has orange-yellow crest-plumes that rise from forehead. Lacks clearly defined supercillium.
Royal Penguin (Eudyptes schlegeli)
Much larger. Has a massive bill. Has orange-yellow crest-plumes that rise from forehead. Lacks clearly defined supercillium.
Compare Images
The Field Guide to the Birds of Australia Pizzey, G., and Knight, E., 1997, Angus & Robertson, Sydney ISBN 0 207 19691 5
Field Guide to Australian Birds Morecombe, M., 2000, Steve Parish Publishing Pty Ltd. ISBN 1 876282 10 X
Field Guide to the Birds of Australia Simpson, K., and Day, N., 1999, 6th Edition, Viking ISBN 0 670 87918 5
Reader's Digest Complete Book of Australian Birds 1988, 2nd Edition, Reader's Digest ISBN 0 949819 99 9
What Bird is That? 1984, Revised Edition, Angus & Robertson, Sydney ISBN 0 207 14846 5
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds 1990 - , Oxford University Press, Melbourne ISBN 0 19 553244 9
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BirdLife International Species Factsheet