Breeds eastern Europe (southern Baltic Republics, eastern Poland), Belarus and Ukraine east to Russian Altai, northern and eastern Kazakhstan and north-western China (north-western Xinjiang); winters Indian Subcontinent and south-eastern Asia.
Motacilla citreola (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) was split by Pavlova et al. (2003) into two separate species Citrine Wagtail (Motacilla citreola) and Western Citrine Wagtail (Motacilla werae), nested within Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava). The BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group find this treatment counter-intuitive and follow the treatment of Tyler (2004) in recognising flava as one large polytypic species and citreola as one small polytypic species pending a more coherent and complete analysis of the molecular and morphological evidence.
Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of Citrine Wagtail (Motacilla citreola).