Bahamas, Canada, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Pierre and Miquelon (NB) (P), Turks and Caicos Islands, USA (B).
Population
Estimated population is 9,000,000 (2010).
A large number of subspecies have been described, of which many are unsustainable: monticola (Rocky Mts from British Columbia to New Mexico), leucothorectis (mountains of south-western USA), scrippsae (northern Baja California), intermedius (eastern Mexico), parvulus (northern El Salvador to northern and western Honduras), fumeus (highlands of southern Honduras and northern Nicaragua), extimus (highlands of Costa Rica and Panama).
The following 18 subspecies are recognised:
septentrionalis (Nuttall, 1840) - From tree-line in Alaska eastern across southern Canada to Ontario, and south to south-central British Columbia, Colorado, northern New Mexico, Montana and North Dakota.
villosus (Linnaeus, 1766) - From eastern North Dakota east to southern Quebec and Nova Scotia, and south to eastern Colorado, central Texas, Missouri (Ozark Plateau) and northern Virginia.
terraenovae (Batchelder, 1908) - Newfoundland.
sitkensis (Swarth, 1911) - Coast of south-eastern Alaska and northern British Columbia.
picoideus (Osgood, 1901) - Queen Charlotte Is, off British Columbia.
harrisi (Audubon, 1838) - Coastal region from southern British Columbia to north-western California.
audubonii (Swainson, 1832) - From eastern Texas, southern Illinois and south-eastern Virginia south to Gulf coast.
hyloscopus (Cabanis & Heine, 1863) - Western California south to northern Baja California.
orius (Oberholser, 1911) - Cascade Mts in British Columbia south through central Oregon to south-eastern California, central Arizona, New Mexico and extreme western Texas.
icastus (Oberholser, 1911) - South-eastern Arizona and south-western New Mexico southern in western Mexico to Jalisco.
jardinii Malherbe, 1845 - Central Mexico from San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas and Veracruz to Jalisco, Guerrero and Oaxaca.
sanctorum (Nelson, 1897) - Southern Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala south-east to western Panama.