South-eastern Brazil (southern Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul), north-eastern Argentina (Misiones and adjacent north-eastern Corrientes) and south-eastern Paraguay. Has disappeared from most of former range, and now very localized.
 
Population
Estimated population is 2,500 - 9,999 (2010) and decreasing.
Black-fronted Piping Guan (Pipile jacutinga) [XC72021]
by Eduardo D. Schultz from Intervales State Park, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil (alarm call)
Black-fronted Piping Guan (Pipile jacutinga) [XC268640]
by Dante Buzzetti from Ipaba, Ipaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil (call)
Subspecies
Has been considered to form superspecies with other members of genus, or even to be conspecific with them. Red-throated Piping-guan (Pipile cujubi) was formerly considered a subspecies of Black-fronted Piping-Guan (Pipile jacutinga). Range overlaps with Blue-throated Piping-guan (Pipile cumanensis) in eastern Paraguay, but there is no evidence of interbreeding.