Eastern Peru (south of R Amazon and R Marañón), southern Amazonian Brazil (south-western Amazonas and Acre east to central and eastern Pará and east-central Maranhío, south to Rondônia and southern Mato Grosso) and northern Bolivia (south to western Santa Cruz).
 
Population
Estimated population is unknown (2010).
Band-tailed Antbird (Hypocnemoides maculicauda) [XC224539]
by Jeremy Minns from Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil (call)
Band-tailed Antbird (Hypocnemoides maculicauda) [XC769576]
by JAYRSON ARAUJO DE OLIVEIRA from Foz do rio Sucupira, Porto Franco, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil (song)
Subspecies
Closely related to Black-chinned Antbird (Hypocnemoides melanopogon), appearing to differ somewhat in vocalizations, but very similar in behaviour and morphology. Molecular analyses and field studies in regions of apparent parapatry needed in order to establish true taxonomic relationships. Birds from central and eastern parts of range described as subspecies orientalis (initially believed, incorrectly, to represent disjunct population), but geographical limits not definable. Considered inseparable, pending further study.