Yellow-rumped Cacique (Cacicus cela) [XC788965]
by JAYRSON ARAUJO DE OLIVEIRA from Monte Alegre Rio Paran\u00e3-Comunidade Sucuri-Boc\u00e3o, Brazil (song)
Yellow-rumped Cacique (Cacicus cela) [XC591731]
by Matheus Fernandes Moraes Silva from Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brazil (song)
Subspecies
Analysis of mitochondrial DNA indicates closer relationship with Scarlet-rumped Cacique (Cacicus microrhynchus) than with Red-rumped Cacique (Cacicus haemorrhous), being genetically rather distant from Red-rumped Cacique (Cacicus haemorrhous). Subspecies form two distinctive groups, separated by Andes: western group (vitellinus and flavicrissus) possibly represents a separate species, differing from single-species "cela group" in plumage colour and voice.
The following 3 subspecies are recognised:
vitellinus Lawrence, 1864 - Central Panama south to northern and central Colombia (Santa Marta, Tolima).
flavicrissus (Sclater, PL, 1860) - Western Ecuador and extreme north-western Peru. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Black-tailed Cacique (Cacicus flavicrissus).
cela (Linnaeus, 1758) - Lowlands east of Andes from Colombia (including Caribbean coast near Santa Marta), most of Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas south to central Bolivia (Santa Cruz) and southern Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); also, coastal eastern Brazil (Pernambuco south to south-eastern Bahia).