White-throated Dipper (Cinclus) [XC689052]
by Jorge Leit\u00e3o from Capeludos, Vila Pouca de Aguiar, Vila Real, Portugal (song)
White-throated Dipper (Cinclus cinclus) [XC685849]
by Paulo Alves from Lixa do Alv\u00e3o (near Vila Pouca de Aguiar), Vila Pouca de Aguiar, Vila Real District, Portugal (alarm call, call, flight call)
Nest
Dome of moss and grass, in a hole or crevice, in a stream bank.
Subspecies
The following 14 subspecies are recognised:
cinclus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Scandinavia east to north-western Russia (east to R Pechora), also central and south-western France, north-western Iberia, Corsica and Sardinia.
hibernicus Hartert, 1910 - Western Scotland (including Inner Hebrides) and Ireland.
gularis (Latham, 1801) - Scotland (except western), northern, central and western England and Wales.
aquaticus (Bechstein, 1797) - Central and southern Europe (Belgium and eastern France south to eastern and southern Iberia, Italy, Sicily and Greece).
rufiventris Tristram, 1885 - Lebanon and western Syria.
leucogaster Bonaparte, 1850 - South-central Russia (Altai Mts east to Transbaikalia) south to northern Afghanistan, north-western Pakistan, north-western China (Tien Shan, western Kunlun Shan) and Mongolia.
cashmeriensis Gould, 1860 - Northern side of western and central Himalayas from northern Pakistan east to Sikkim.
przewalskii Bianchi, 1905 - Northern Bhutan and central China (southern Gansu and north-western Sichuan south to south-eastern and easten Xizang).
The Reader's Digest Book of British Birds 1980, 3rd Edition, Drive Publications Ltd ISBN 0 340 25308 8
Birds in Colour Campbell, B., 1960, Penguin Books Ltd
The Pocket Guide to Nest and Eggs Fitter, R.S.R., 1954, Collins
RSPB Handbook of British Birds Holden, P., Cleeves, T., 2002, A & C Black ISBN 0 7136 5713 8
Birds of Britain and Europe Sterry, P., et al., 2001, AA Publishing ISBN 0 7495 3068 5
The Popular Handbook of British Birds Hollom, P.A.D., 1973, H.F. & G. Witherby Ltd ISBN 0 85493 002 7