Eastern Central Pacific (B) (NB), French Polynesia (B), Kiribati (B), New Zealand (E), Pitcairn Islands (B), Southwest Pacific (B) (NB), Tonga (E), Western Central Pacific (NB).
Central Pacific, breeding at Tonga, Phoenix, Line, Marquesas, Tuamotu and Pitcairn Is.
Population
Estimated population is 30,000 (2010) and decreasing.
Status EN
Predation by feral cats is thought to be a major threat. The recent introduction of black rats R. rattus to a breeding stronghold may be a threat in the future.
For more information see BirdLife International Species Factsheet.
The Field Guide to the Birds of Australia Pizzey, G., and Knight, E., 1997, Angus & Robertson, Sydney ISBN 0 207 19691 5
Field Guide to Australian Birds Morecombe, M., 2000, Steve Parish Publishing Pty Ltd. ISBN 1 876282 10 X
Field Guide to the Birds of Australia Simpson, K., and Day, N., 1999, 6th Edition, Viking ISBN 0 670 87918 5
Reader's Digest Complete Book of Australian Birds 1988, 2nd Edition, Reader's Digest ISBN 0 949819 99 9
What Bird is That? 1984, Revised Edition, Angus & Robertson, Sydney ISBN 0 207 14846 5
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds 1990 - , Oxford University Press, Melbourne ISBN 0 19 553244 9
BirdLife International Species Factsheet