Argentina (B), Brazil (B), Paraguay (B), Uruguay (B).
South-eastern Paraguay and south-eastern Brazil (from Santa Catarina, rarely Paraná) south to north-eastern Argentina (Corrientes and Entre Ríos) and Uruguay.
 
Population
Estimated population is 2,500 - 9,999 (2010) and decreasing.
Saffron-cowled Blackbird (Xanthopsar flavus) [XC163055]
by Eduardo Quintanilla from Cap\u00e3o Alto, Santa Catarina, Brazil (call)
Saffron-cowled Blackbird (Xanthopsar flavus) [XC218215]
by Guillermo Treboux from Aparados da Serra, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (call)
Subspecies
No subspecies.
Genus sometimes subsumed in Agelaius. Molecular data indicate close affinity with Pseudoleistes and more distant relationship to Chrysomus, these findings supported by behavioural data. In morphology resembles more the last two genera, but with rather stout tarsometatarsus and thin bill. Form Icterus xantholemus, based on a single speciment from southern Brazil but erroneously published as from Ecuador, has been shown to be a synonym of present species.