Afghanistan (B), Armenia (B), Azerbaijan (B), Bahrain (P), Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Georgia, Iran [Islamic Republic of] (B), Iraq (P), Israel (B), Jordan (B) (P), Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman (B) (P), Pakistan, Qatar (P), Saudi Arabia (B) (P), Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic (B) (P), Turkey (B), Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates (P).
Vagrant to Cyprus, Yemen.
Breeds south-eastern Turkey, northern Middle East, erratically in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, and Armenia east to Iran, Turkmenistan and western Afghanistan.
 
Population
Estimated population is 100,000 - 1,000,000 (2010).