Spotted Shag (Phalacrocorax) [XC664172]
by David Boyle from Tawhitinui, Marlborough District, Marlborough, New Zealand (call, bill clapping, wing beats)
Spotted Shag (Phalacrocorax punctatus) [XC664263]
by id from Duffers Reef, Marlborough, New Zealand (call)
Nest
On cliffs, ledges, cracks, on rocky coasts and inshore islands. In colonies.
Subspecies
Often includes Pitt Shag (Phalacrocorax featherstoni) as a subspecies.
The following 2 subspecies are recognised:
punctatus Sparrman, 1786 - New Zealand.
oliveri Mathews, 1930 - Stewart I. Also Westland (South I).