Brownish Twistwing (Cnipodectes subbrunneus) [XC77005]
by Renzo P. Piana from Yasun\u00ed Research Station, Parque Nacional Yasun\u00ed, Orellana, Ecuador (call, wing sonations)
Brownish Twistwing (Cnipodectes subbrunneus) [XC107753]
by GABRIEL LEITE from Pipeline Road, Panama, Panama (call)
Subspecies
Affinities uncertain. Toe structure suggests relationship to family Pipridae. A new species (Rufous Twistwing (Cnipodectes superrufus)) recently discovered in south-eastern Peru appears to belong to this hitherto monospecific genus. Subspecies poorly differentiated. Birds from eastern Panama and north-western Colombia sometimes separated as subspecies panamensis, but no visible differences in plumage from nominate.
The following 2 subspecies are recognised:
subbrunneus (Sclater, 1860) - Eastern Panama, western Colombia and western Ecuador.
minor Sclater, PL, 1884 - Western Amazon from Colombia and eastern Ecuador south to Peru, western Brazil and north-western Bolivia.