Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania [United Republic of].
Mainly coastal, from southern Somalia to south-central Mozambique, ranging inland along rivers, more so in south, reaching to east-central Kenya, central-southern Tanzania and northern and south-eastern Malawi; inland populations often disjunct.
 
Population
Estimated population is unknown (2010).
Brown-breasted Barbet (Lybius melanopterus) [XC37715]
by isaac kilusu from Mvuu, Liwonde, Malawi (call)
Brown-breasted Barbet (Lybius melanopterus) [XC96406]
by Bram Piot from Liwonde, Malawi, Malawi (call, contact call)
Subspecies
Related to Black-backed Barbet (Lybius minor) and also to the Double-toothed Barbet (Pogonornis bidentatus) group, which includes that species and the superspecies formed by Bearded Barbet (Pogonornis dubius) and Black-breasted Barbet (Pogonornis rolleti). Paler brown Somalian birds sometimes placed in separate subspecies, didymus, but in fresh plumage they are dark, as are those from farther south, so separation not justified.