Bhutan (B), Cambodia (B), China (mainland) (B), India (B), Indonesia (B), Laos (B), Malaysia (B), Myanmar (B), Nepal (B), Thailand (B), Vietnam (B).
Vagrant to Bangladesh (B), Singapore.
Western Ghats (south-western India); southern Himalayas (Garhwal and Kumaon) east to north-central Myanmar, southern China (western Yunnan) and Vietnam, and south to Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.
Population
Estimated population is unknown (2010) and decreasing.
Status VU
Habitat destruction through logging of large trees and hunting are the main threats.
For more information see BirdLife International Species Factsheet.
Habits
Small to large groups.
Food
Mainly fruit, especially figs. Also small mammals, birds, reptiles, insects.
Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) [XC423284]
by Erik Sandvig from Boeng Char, Sambour, Krati\u00e9 Province, Cambodia (call)
Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) [XC700260]
by Thet Zaw Naing from Song Phi Nong, Kaeng Krachan District, Phetchaburi, Thailand (call)
Nest
In a hollow of a large tree.
Eggs (Guide)
1 - 2. Incubation: 38 - 40 days; by female. Female sealed into nest with a cement composed of droppings, vegetable matter, clay and saliva, and fed by male.
Subspecies
Forms a superspecies with Rhinoceros Hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros). Hybridization with latter reported both in wild and in captivity. Birds from Asian mainland have been separated as subspecies homrai on basis of larger size, but variation seems to be clinal. The south-western Indian population described as subspecies cavatus, but apparently inseparable from those in north of Subcontinent.
BirdLife International Species Factsheet