Oriental Pied Hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris) [XC472574]
by Dibyendu Ash from Corbett NP, Uttaranchal, India (call)
Oriental Pied Hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris) [XC167111]
by Patrik \u00c5berg from Rainforest Discovery Center, Sepilok, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia (call)
Nest
In a natural cavity in a tree, 5 - 15 m above the ground.
Eggs (Guide)
2 - 4; rough, white. Incubation: by female. Female sealed into nest with a cement composed of droppings, vegetable matter, clay and saliva, and fed by male.
Subspecies
Forms a superspecies with Malabar Pied Hornbill (Anthracoceros coronatus) and Palawan Hornbill (Anthracoceros marchei). Was long confused with Malabar Pied Hornbill (Anthracoceros coronatus), with complex synonymy of both scientific and vernacular names; the two were considered conspecific, but now recognized as two distinct species that differ in size and in several aspects of morphology (including colour of bare throat skin) and behaviour, and which overlap in range without interbreeding. During period of confusion, present species was commonly referred to as Anthracoceros malabaricus, but, although two years senior to albirostris, this name appears to be unidentifiable. Within "Anthracoceros malabaricus", eastern birds were sometimes separated as subspecies leucogaster, but this name now considered a junior synonym of albirostris. Subspecies convexus sometimes considered a separate species, but alleged sympatry without hybridization is apparently not proven, and supposed difference in tail pattern not constant.
The following 2 subspecies are recognised:
albirostris (Shaw & Nodder, 1807) - Northern India and southern Nepal east to southern China (Yunnan, south-western Guangxi), and south to northern Peninsular Malaysia, south-western Cambodia and southern Vietnam.
convexus (Temminck, 1832) - Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Java and Bali, including numerous smaller islands.
BirdLife International Species Factsheet