Belgium (NB), Canada (P), China (mainland), Denmark (P), Finland (NB), Japan, Mexico, North Korea, Norway (NB) (P), Russia (Asian) (B), Russia (Central Asian) (P), Russia (European) (B), South Korea, Sweden (NB), USA (B).
Vagrant to Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia (Local Name: Hrvatska), Czech Republic, Estonia, Faroe Islands, France (NB), Germany (NB), Greenland, Ireland, Italy, Myanmar, Netherlands Antilles, Poland, Slovakia (Slovak Republic) (NB), Slovenia, Spain, Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom.
Holarctic, breeding mainly along coasts of Arctic Ocean as far northern as c. 78° N. Winters in coastal waters of north-western and north-eastern Pacific and also off north-western Norway.
 
Population
Estimated population is 16,000 - 32,000 (2010) and decreasing.