Crested Oropendola (Psarocolius decumanus) [XC367644]
by Kent Livezey from Las Lajas, Chiriqui, Panama (song, wing flutter)
Crested Oropendola (Psarocolius decumanus) [XC706335]
by Jo\u00e3o Vitor Oliveira de Souza from Refugio Volcanes, Samaipata, Florida, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia (call, song)
Subspecies
Relationships uncertain. Somewhat isolated from other members of genus. Birds from south of R Amazon sometimes treated as subspecies maculosus (described from Yungas of Cochabamba, in Bolivia), but DNA data do not support this, showing only a certain distinctiveness for Andean populations.
The following 4 subspecies are recognised:
melanterus (Todd, 1917) - Southern Costa Rica, Panama, and northern and western Colombia (west of eastern Andes).
decumanus (Pallas, 1769) - Colombia (east of Andes), Venezuela and the Guianas, southern on eastern slope of Andes and southern across Amazonia to northern and eastern Bolivia, north-western and north-eastern Argentina (south to Jujuy and Salta and, in east, to Formosa and Corrientes) and eastern Brazil (south to northern and western Paraná and Sío Paulo).
insularis (Dalmas, 1900) - Trinidad and Tobago.
maculosus (Chapman, 1920) - Eastern Peru to Bolivia, Paraguay and northern Argentina.
BirdLife International Species Factsheet