North-central Brazil, in relatively small area south of R Amazon, from lower R Madeira to lower R Tapajos.
 
Population
Estimated population is 10,000 (2010).
Status VU
Habitat destruction and degradation due to conversion for agriculture, hunting are the main threats.
For more information see BirdLife International Species Factsheet.
White-crested Guan (Penelope) [XC768972]
by JAYRSON ARAUJO DE OLIVEIRA from Cidel\u00e2ndia, Reserva da Suzano, Maranh\u00e3o: BR, Brazil (alarm call, song)
White-crested Guan (Penelope pileata) [XC713440]
by Nick Athanas from Cana\u00e3 dos Caraj\u00e1s, State of Par\u00e1, Brazil (alarm call)
Subspecies
Forms superspecies with White-browed Guan (Penelope jacucaca) and Chestnut-bellied Guan (Penelope ochrogaster). All three once considered conspecific.