Golden-rumped Euphonia (Euphonia cyanocephala) [XC259589]
by Mitch Lysinger from Napo: 'Caba\u00f1as San Isidro', 1-2 km SW Cosanga, Ecuador (call, calls)
Golden-rumped Euphonia (Euphonia cyanocephala) [XC422706]
by id from Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil (song)
Subspecies
Species sometimes referred to by name Euphonia aureata, but present name has priority. Recent molecular-genetic analysis indicates that genus belongs in family Fringillidae. Present species forms a monophyletic species group with Elegant Euphonia (Euphonia elegantissima) and Hispaniolan Euphonia (Euphonia musica), and all formerly considered conspecific. Widely separated geographically, the three do not differ greatly in voice or behaviour, although males differ somewhat in plumage, females less so. Taxonomic status of population of present species in south-eastern Brazil, Paraguay and north-eastern Argentina seems worthy of investigation because of its extreme isolation. On the other hand, proposed subspecies intermedia (described from north-eastern Colombia) is difficult to diagnose. Measurements overlap with those of nominate, and no certain colour differences separate it from latter, into which it is therefore subsumed.
The following 3 subspecies are recognised:
pelzelni Sclater, PL, 1886 - Southern Colombia and western Ecuador (south to Chimborazo).
insignis Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1877 - Eastern slope of Andes in Ecuador (Azuay and Loja).
cyanocephala (Vieillot, 1818) - Sierra de Perijá (Colombia-Venezuela border) and Venezuela (Andes, coastal cordilleras, and locally south-eastern Bolívar) eastern locally through central Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana; Trinidad; and Andes of Colombia (except south), probably eastern slope in Ecuador, entire eastern slope in Peru south to Bolivia (also extreme eastern Santa Cruz) and north-western Argentina (south to Tucumán; sight records to Córdoba-San Luís border; isolated record north of Buenos Aires). Also north-central and south-central Brazil (isolated records in Pará and western Mato Grosso). Also south-eastern Brazil (Bahia, southern Goiás and southern Mato Grosso south to Rio Grande do Sul), south-eastern Paraguay and north-eastern Argentina (west to eastern Chaco).
BirdLife International Species Factsheet