Argentina (NB), Atlantic (Antarctic) (NB), Brazil (NB), Falkland Islands (Malvinas) (NB), Namibia (NB), South Africa (NB), Southeast Atlantic (B) (NB), Southwest Atlantic (NB), St Helena (B), Uruguay (NB).
Vagrant to Antarctica, Israel, Jordan, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.
Southern Atlantic, breeding at Tristan da Cunha and Gough I.
 
Population
Estimated population is 5,000,000 (2010) and decreasing.
The Field Guide to the Birds of Australia Pizzey, G., and Knight, E., 1997, Angus & Robertson, Sydney ISBN 0 207 19691 5
Field Guide to Australian Birds Morecombe, M., 2000, Steve Parish Publishing Pty Ltd. ISBN 1 876282 10 X
Field Guide to the Birds of Australia Simpson, K., and Day, N., 1999, 6th Edition, Viking ISBN 0 670 87918 5
Reader's Digest Complete Book of Australian Birds 1988, 2nd Edition, Reader's Digest ISBN 0 949819 99 9
What Bird is That? 1984, Revised Edition, Angus & Robertson, Sydney ISBN 0 207 14846 5
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds 1990 - , Oxford University Press, Melbourne ISBN 0 19 553244 9