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 LC    Hardhead* Id (Atlas):
    Aythya australis

Description (10)
Image of Hardhead (Male)
 

Other Names (World)
Hardhead, White-eyed Duck, White-eye, White-wing, Brownhead, Coppertop, Copperhead, Punkari, Barwing, Widgeon

Family
Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans)

Size
45 - 60 cm

First Described (Guide)
(Eyton, 1838)

Derivation
A-yth'-y-a - N.L., from Gk aithuia, seagull or diving bird, australis - L., southern

Habitat
Has strong preference for extensive areas of deep water with emergent plants, particularly lignum and cumbungi.

Range (Guide)
Australia (B), Indonesia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste (NB), Vanuatu (B).

Vagrant to New Zealand (E) (B).

South-western and eastern Australia. Isolated population of Banks Is, Vanuatu, may be result of brief colonization by birds of Australian origin.
 
Population
Estimated population is 100,000 - 1,000,000 (2010).

Status LC
For more information see BirdLife International Species Factsheet.

Habits
Usually in pairs or small flocks.

Food
Insects, molluscs, shrimps, yabbies, small fish, docks, grasses.

Voice
Usually silent, but female has soft harsh croak and male soft, wheezy whistle.



Xeno-Canto Sound Files

 
Hardhead (Aythya australis) [XC311775]
     by id from McClean Bridge Road, Julatten, Queensland, Australia (call, wing noise)

Nest
A slight depression in the ground, lined with grass mixed with feathers, weel concealed, often in lignum or cane-grass, sometimes in a tree hollow.

Eggs (Guide)
Usually 9 - 12; glossy, cream; oval; 57 x 41 mm. Incubation: about 30 - 32 days; by female.

Young
Precocial, nidifugous.

Subspecies
Considered by some to form superspecies with Baer's Pochard (Aythya baeri), Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca) and Madagascar Pochard (Aythya innotata).

Breeding birds collected in Banks Is, Vanuatu, were assigned separate subspecies extima, though it has been suggested that this population represented a temporary colonization by nomadic Australian birds.

No subspecies.


References
See References.

The Field Guide to the Birds of Australia Pizzey, G., and Knight, E., 1997, Angus & Robertson, Sydney ISBN 0 207 19691 5
Field Guide to Australian Birds Morecombe, M., 2000, Steve Parish Publishing Pty Ltd. ISBN 1 876282 10 X
Field Guide to the Birds of Australia Simpson, K., and Day, N., 1999, 6th Edition, Viking ISBN 0 670 87918 5
Reader's Digest Complete Book of Australian Birds 1988, 2nd Edition, Reader's Digest ISBN 0 949819 99 9
What Bird is That? 1984, Revised Edition, Angus & Robertson, Sydney ISBN 0 207 14846 5
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds 1990 - , Oxford University Press, Melbourne ISBN 0 19 553244 9


Files:
JPG files for Hardhead (Aythya australis) - 10 filesMP3 files for Hardhead (Aythya australis) - 3 files


More Information

BirdLife International

For more information about the Hardhead see... Show Articles BirdLife International Species Factsheet.


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