Breeds south-eastern Argentina (from southern Río Negro) south, including extreme southern Chile, to Tierra del Fuego; migrates north to central Argentina, Uruguay and south-eastern Brazil.
 
Population
Estimated population is unknown (2010).
Chocolate-vented Tyrant (Neoxolmis rufiventris) [XC89300]
by Bernabe Lopez-Lanus from Cerro Negro, Tierra del Fuego, XII Region, Chile (call)
Chocolate-vented Tyrant (Neoxolmis rufiventris) [XC115764]
by id from Pali Aike entrance road, XII Region, Chile (call, song)
Subspecies
No subspecies.
Placed in Myiotheretes by early authors, and sometimes in Xolmis by more recent ones. Syringeal morphology most similar to otherwise different Gubernetes and Muscipipra.