Habits
Often feeds on the ground or at the base of trunks.
Voice
A hard ' kyo kyo' and a weak 'wick' uttered in contact. A cackling series of harsh 'sketchekekekekeke' notes, sometimes uttered by females with young or pairs.
White-backed Woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos) [XC882142]
by Andr\u00e1s Schmidt from Ume\u00e5 stad, V\u00e4sterbottens l\u00e4n, Sweden (excitement call)
White-backed Woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos) [XC362609]
by Eetu Paljakka from Amami National forest, north part of Amami, Poland (drumming)
Subspecies
No very close relatives within genus. Has hybridized rarely with Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), and probably closest to that superspecies. Similarity to Middle Spotted Woodpecker (Leiopicus medius) may suggest relatedness, but this not borne out by available genetic data. Subspecific differentiation largely a result of vast range that includes many isolated and island populations, some of which are highly distinctive and possibly merit status of full species. South-western subspecies lilfordi possibly also a distinct species, separated by altitude and ecology from parapatric nominate subspecies.
Other described subspecies are uralensis (western Siberia), voznesenskii (eastern Siberia and Kamchatka), saghalinensis (Sakhalin), ussuriensis (Ussuriland and north-eastern China), sinicus (Korea) and quelpartensis (Quelpart I), all considered inadequately differentiated or representing intergrades.
The following 12 subspecies are recognised:
leucotos (Bechstein, 1803) - Western Norway, Sweden, Finland and Poland southern in Europe to eastern Switzerland, Austria, northern Serbia and Carpathian Mts, and east through southern taiga to Kamchatka, Sakhalin, north-eastern China and Korea.
lilfordi (Sharpe & Dresser, 1871) - Pyrenees, central Italy, the Balkans and Peloponnese, Turkey (NAnatolia, Taurus Mts), Caucasus and Transcaucasia.
namiyei (Stejneger, 1886) - Southern Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu and Quelpart I (Cheju-do).
takahashii (Kuroda & Mori, 1920) - Dagelet I (Ullung do), off eastern Korea.
owstoni (Ogawa, 1905) - Amami-oshima (northern Ryukyu Is). Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Amami Woodpecker (Dendrocopos owstoni).
tangi Cheng, 1956 - Central China (Sichuan).
fohkiensis (Buturlin, 1908) - South-eastern China (Fujian).
insularis (Gould, 1863) - Taiwan.
uralensis (Malherbe, 1860) - Western Ural Mts. to Lake Baikal.
quelpartensis (Kuroda & Mori, 1918) - Jeju-do (off South Korea).