Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis) [XC489125]
by Dennis Castillo-Figueroa from Tranque La Cadellada, Batuco, Regi\u00f3n Metropolitana, Chile (alarm call, call)
Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis) [XC328927]
by from Brejal, Bananal, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil (call)
Subspecies
Based on proportions and vocalization, might comprise two species, with separation of cayennensis, incorporating lampronotus. However, intergradation known at one locality. Subspecies fretensis sometimes merged with nominate subspecies.
The following 4 subspecies are recognised:
cayennensis (Gmelin, JF, 1789) - Northern South America, north of R Amazon.
lampronotus (Wagler, 1827) - R Amazon south through central, eastern and southern Brazil to northern Chile and northern Argentina.
chilensis (Molina, 1782) - Argentina and Chile south to Chiloé I and Comodoro Rivadavia.
fretensis (Brodkorb, 1934) - Southern Chile and southern Argentina.