Red-rumped Cacique (Cacicus haemorrhous) [XC460476]
by Rosendo Manuel Fraga from Itatiaia NP, RJ (Trilha tres Picos), Brazil (call)
Red-rumped Cacique (Cacicus haemorrhous) [XC259966]
by John V. Moore from Napo: 'Gareno (Guaponi) Lodge', Ecuador (call, song, calls)
Subspecies
Mitochondrial DNA data indicate rather distant relationship with Yellow-rumped Cacique (Cacicus cela).
The following 3 subspecies are recognised:
haemorrhous (Linnaeus, 1766) - South-eastern Venezuela east to French Guiana, south to eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador and northern Brazil (Roraima).
pachyrhynchus von Berlepsch, 1889 - Amazon Basin in Brazil (Amazonas and Pará south to Rondônia and north-western Mato Grosso), eastern Peru and northern Bolivia.
affinis Swainson, 1834 - Eastern Brazil (Pernambuco and southern Tocantins south to Santa Catarina), eastern Paraguay and north-eastern Argentina (south to Corrientes).