Albania (B), Austria (B) (NB), Azerbaijan (NB), Belarus (B) (NB), Belgium (B) (NB), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria (B) (NB), China (mainland) (B), Croatia (Local Name: Hrvatska) (B) (NB), Cyprus (NB), Czech Republic (B) (NB), Denmark (B) (NB) (P), Egypt, Estonia (B) (NB), Finland (B) (NB) (P), France (B) (NB) (P), Germany (B) (NB) (P), Greece (B) (NB) (P), Greenland (B) (NB), Hungary (B) (NB), Iceland (B) (NB), Iran [Islamic Republic of], Iraq (NB), Ireland (NB), Israel, Italy (B) (NB) (P), Jordan (NB), Kazakhstan (B), Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan (P), Latvia (B) (NB), Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Liechtenstein (B), Lithuania (B) (NB), Luxembourg (B) (NB), Macedonia [The Former Yugoslav Republic of] (B) (NB), Malta, Montenegro (B), Netherlands Antilles (B) (NB), Norway (B), Poland (B) (NB), Portugal (NB), Romania (B) (NB), Russia (Asian) (B), Russia (Central Asian) (B), Russia (European) (B), Saudi Arabia, Serbia (B), Slovakia (Slovak Republic) (B) (NB), Slovenia (B) (NB), Spain (NB), Sweden (B) (NB), Switzerland (B) (NB), Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Turkey (NB), Ukraine (B) (NB) (P), United Kingdom (B) (NB), Uzbekistan.
Vagrant to Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Canada, Faroe Islands (NB), Gibraltar, Japan, Mongolia, Morocco, St Pierre and Miquelon (P), Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, USA.
Breeds Iceland and northern and central Europe east to central Siberia (to Aldan basin and Transbaikalia) and in north-western China (Tien Shan). Non-breeding western and southern Europe, northern Africa and south-western Asia.
 
Population
Estimated population is 45,000,000 - 100,000,000 (2010).
The Reader's Digest Book of British Birds 1980, 3rd Edition, Drive Publications Ltd ISBN 0 340 25308 8
Birds in Colour Campbell, B., 1960, Penguin Books Ltd
The Pocket Guide to Nest and Eggs Fitter, R.S.R., 1954, Collins
RSPB Handbook of British Birds Holden, P., Cleeves, T., 2002, A & C Black ISBN 0 7136 5713 8
Birds of Britain and Europe Sterry, P., et al., 2001, AA Publishing ISBN 0 7495 3068 5
The Popular Handbook of British Birds Hollom, P.A.D., 1973, H.F. & G. Witherby Ltd ISBN 0 85493 002 7