Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes) [XC875527]
by Anthony ROUX from Arrondissement de Lyon (near Champagne-au-Mont-d'Or), Rh\u00f4ne, Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes, France (flight call)
Hawfinch (Coccothraustes) [XC871848]
by \u5c0f\u83dc\u9e1f from \u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u6d77\u76d0\u53bf\u91d1\u661f\u6751, China (nocturnal flight call)
Nest
A structure composed of twigs, on horizontal branches of fruit trees, occasionally forest trees or thorn bushs, at varying heights.
Eggs (Guide)
4 - 6; variable ground color, from pale blue or green to grey or buff, with a few bold sparse dark spots and markings. Incubation: about 12 days.
Subspecies
The following 6 subspecies are recognised:
coccothraustes (Linnaeus, 1758) - Southern Fennoscandia and central and southern Britain south to Spain, Corsica, Sardinia, central Italy, Slovenia, northern Bulgaria, northern Greece, north-western and northern Turkey and northern and central Caucasus, east through Russia and central Siberia to Transbaikalia, south to north-eastern Kazakhstan and northern Mongolia. Winters Europe (except north) south to northern Africa, Cyprus, central Asia, and central, southern and south-eastern China (Gansu east to Jiangsu, south to Fujian, also Guizhou).
buvryi Cabanis, 1862 - Northern and north-central Morocco, northern Algeria and northern Tunisia.
nigricans Buturlin, 1908 - Ukraine, central and southern Caucasus, north-eastern Turkey, northern Iran, possibly also south-western Turkmenistan.
humii Sharpe, 1886 - Eastern Uzbekistan east to western Kyrgyzstan and southern Kazakhstan (western Tien Shan), south to west-central and north-eastern Afghanistan and western Tajikistan. Winters also south to northern and western Pakistan and western Kashmir.
shulpini H. Johansen, 1944 - Breeds Russian Far East (Amurland and Ussuriland), north-eastern China (northern Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang south to southern Liaoning) and northern Korea; migrates to eastern and south-eastern China.
japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1848 - Breeds eastern Russia (central and southern Kamchatka), Sakhalin I, southern Kuril Is and northern and central Japan; migrates to southern Japan, Ogasawara-shoto (Bonin Is), southern Korea, eastern China (Hebei south to Jiangsu) and Taiwan.
The Reader's Digest Book of British Birds 1980, 3rd Edition, Drive Publications Ltd ISBN 0 340 25308 8
Birds in Colour Campbell, B., 1960, Penguin Books Ltd
The Pocket Guide to Nest and Eggs Fitter, R.S.R., 1954, Collins
RSPB Handbook of British Birds Holden, P., Cleeves, T., 2002, A & C Black ISBN 0 7136 5713 8
Birds of Britain and Europe Sterry, P., et al., 2001, AA Publishing ISBN 0 7495 3068 5
The Popular Handbook of British Birds Hollom, P.A.D., 1973, H.F. & G. Witherby Ltd ISBN 0 85493 002 7
BirdLife International Species Factsheet