Canada, China (mainland), Finland (B) (NB) (P), Japan, Kazakhstan (B), Latvia (NB), Mongolia (B), Norway (B), Russia (Asian) (B), Russia (Central Asian) (B) (NB), Russia (European) (B) (NB), Slovakia (Slovak Republic) (NB), St Pierre and Miquelon (B) (NB), Sweden (B) (NB), USA (B).
Vagrant to Austria, Belgium, Bermuda, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greenland, Hungary, Montenegro, Netherlands Antilles, North Korea, Poland, Serbia, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom.
Population
Estimated population is 4,000,000 (2010).
Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator) [XC99800]
by Martin St-Michel from Silverthorne, Colorado, United States (song)
Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator) [XC390058]
by Vadim Ivushkin from S\u00f6nnerstgrundet, Ume\u00e5, V\u00e4sterbottens l\u00e4n, Sweden (flight call)
Nest
A structure of twigs, in a conifer, usually near the trunk.
Eggs (Guide)
3 - 4; greenish-blue with dark markings.
Subspecies
Proposed North American subspecies alascensis (described from Nushagak, in Alaska) and eschatosa (from Harry's River, in Newfoundland) considered synonymous with leucura.
The following 9 subspecies are recognised:
enucleator (Linnaeus, 1758) - Breeds from Scandinavia (southern Norway and central and northern Sweden) east to central Siberia. Winters south to southern Sweden and south-western Siberia.
pacata Bangs, 1913 - Breeds eastern Siberia (east of R Yenisey and Sayan Mts) east to Kolyma Basin and Sea of Okhotsk, south to central Altai, north-eastern Kazakhstan, northern Mongolia and Stanovoy Mts. Winters south to north-eastern China (Heilongjiang and Liaoning).
kamtschatkensis (Dybowski, 1883) - Breeds north-eastern Russia (Anadyrland south to northern Sea of Okhotsk and Kamchatka). Winters south to north-eastern China (Heilongjiang and Liaoning).
sakhalinensis Buturlin, 1915 - Sakhalin I, Kuril Is and northern Japan (Hokkaido).
flammula Homeyer, 1880 - Breeds Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak I southern along coast to western Canada (north-western British Columbia). Winters south to central British Columbia, occasionally to Vancouver I.
leucura (Müller, PLS, 1776) - Breeds western and central Alaska, and in broad band east through central Canada to Quebec, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. Winters south to southern Canada and north-eastern USA.
carlottae Brooks, AC, 1922 - Queen Charlotte Is, off western Canada.
montana Ridgway, 1898 - South-western Canada (northern British Columbia) south to west-central USA (south to eastern Arizona and northern and western New Mexico).
californica Price, 1897 - Eastern California (Sierra Nevada).
The Reader's Digest Book of British Birds 1980, 3rd Edition, Drive Publications Ltd ISBN 0 340 25308 8
Birds in Colour Campbell, B., 1960, Penguin Books Ltd
The Pocket Guide to Nest and Eggs Fitter, R.S.R., 1954, Collins
RSPB Handbook of British Birds Holden, P., Cleeves, T., 2002, A & C Black ISBN 0 7136 5713 8
Birds of Britain and Europe Sterry, P., et al., 2001, AA Publishing ISBN 0 7495 3068 5
The Popular Handbook of British Birds Hollom, P.A.D., 1973, H.F. & G. Witherby Ltd ISBN 0 85493 002 7
BirdLife International Species Factsheet