Albania (B), Algeria, Andorra (B) (NB), Armenia (B), Austria (B), Azerbaijan (B) (NB), Belgium (B), Bosnia and Herzegovina (B), Bulgaria (B) (NB) (P), Croatia (Local Name: Hrvatska) (B), Cyprus (NB), Czech Republic (B) (NB), Denmark (P), Egypt, Finland (B) (P), France (B) (NB) (P), Georgia (B), Germany (B), Greece (B) (NB), Hungary (B), Iran [Islamic Republic of] (B), Iraq (NB), Ireland (B), Israel, Italy (B) (NB) (P), Latvia (E) (B), Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Liechtenstein (B), Macedonia [The Former Yugoslav Republic of] (B) (NB), Montenegro (B), Morocco, Norway (B), Poland (B), Portugal (NB), Romania (B), Russia (European) (B), Serbia (B), Slovakia (Slovak Republic) (B) (NB), Slovenia (B), Spain (B) (NB), Sweden (B) (P), Switzerland (B) (NB), Tunisia, Turkey (B) (NB), Turkmenistan (B), Ukraine (B) (NB), United Kingdom (B).
Vagrant to Bahrain, Faroe Islands (B), Iceland, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Mauritania, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates.
Population
Estimated population is 930,000 - 2,000,000 (2010).
Ring Ouzel (Turdus torquatus) [XC397011]
by Romuald Mikusek from Folldal, Hedmark, Norway (call, song)
Ring Ouzel (Turdus torquatus) [XC721465]
by Dare \u0160ere from Filey, North Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom (call, flight call, nocturnal flight call)
Nest
Woven grass and leaves among boulders.
Eggs (Guide)
4 - 5; bluish-green with dark speckles.
Subspecies
The following 3 subspecies are recognised:
torquatus Linnaeus, 1758 - Ireland, western Britain, north-western France, western and northern Scandinavia and north-western Russia. Non-breeding southern Europe and north-western Africa.
alpestris (Brehm, CL, 1831) - Northern Spain and central Europe east to Balkans, Greece and western Asia Minor, also northern Africa (possibly Algeria). Non-breeding also northern Africa, south-eastern Europe and southern Turkey.
amicorum Hartert, 1923 - Central and eastern Turkey, Caucasus area, northern Iran and south-western Turkmenistan. Non-breeding also northern Africa and central and southern Iran.
The Reader's Digest Book of British Birds 1980, 3rd Edition, Drive Publications Ltd ISBN 0 340 25308 8
Birds in Colour Campbell, B., 1960, Penguin Books Ltd
The Pocket Guide to Nest and Eggs Fitter, R.S.R., 1954, Collins
RSPB Handbook of British Birds Holden, P., Cleeves, T., 2002, A & C Black ISBN 0 7136 5713 8
Birds of Britain and Europe Sterry, P., et al., 2001, AA Publishing ISBN 0 7495 3068 5
The Popular Handbook of British Birds Hollom, P.A.D., 1973, H.F. & G. Witherby Ltd ISBN 0 85493 002 7
BirdLife International Species Factsheet