Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica) [XC479177]
by Stanislas Wroza from H\u00f6fn, Iceland (call, flight call, song)
Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica) [XC856943]
by Stanislas Wroza from Marloes and St. Brides (near Marloes), Pembrokeshire, Wales, United Kingdom (?)
Nest
Shallow burrow under a boulder or in a natural crevice.
Eggs (Guide)
1; white with brownish markings, which may or may not be visible beneath the thich chalky covering; oval. Incubation: 39 - 43 days; by both sexes.
Subspecies
Recorded differences separating grabae from nominate arctica may reflect clinal variation only.
The following 3 subspecies are recognised:
naumanni (Linnaeus, 1758) - North-eastern Canada (high eastern Arctic) and north-western and eastern Greenland to Jan Mayen, Spitsbergen and northern Novaya Zemlya.
arctica (Linnaeus, 1758) - South-eastern Baffin I and Hudson Bay south to Maine, and east through south-western and SGreenland and Iceland to Bear I, central and northern Norway, Kola Peninsula and southern Novaya Zemlya.
grabae (C. L. Brehm, 1831) - Faeroes, southern Norway and south-western Sweden south through British Is to Channel Is and north-western France.
The Reader's Digest Book of British Birds 1980, 3rd Edition, Drive Publications Ltd ISBN 0 340 25308 8
Birds in Colour Campbell, B., 1960, Penguin Books Ltd
The Pocket Guide to Nest and Eggs Fitter, R.S.R., 1954, Collins
RSPB Handbook of British Birds Holden, P., Cleeves, T., 2002, A & C Black ISBN 0 7136 5713 8
Birds of Britain and Europe Sterry, P., et al., 2001, AA Publishing ISBN 0 7495 3068 5
The Popular Handbook of British Birds Hollom, P.A.D., 1973, H.F. & G. Witherby Ltd ISBN 0 85493 002 7
BirdLife International Species Factsheet