Medium large. Medium long very slightly decurved bill, short legs. Wings project beyond tail tip while standing. Bill slightly longer than head. Sexes alike.
Adults: Breeding: Back, scapulars, blackish, edged white with a few scattered chestnut feathers. Whole of head and neck, finely streaked black and white. Eye, dark brown. Rump, mottled white and dark brow, but appearing white at a distance. Coverts, grey with dark shafts, tipped white, greater and primary coverts broadly tipped white forming a narrow but conspicuous white wing bar. Flight feathers, blackish. Throat, white and finely streaked with black. Breast, flanks, upper belly, undertail coverts, white with large black spots, which are concentrated on the breast forming a dark breast band. Center of belly, white. Underwing, mostly white. Bill, black, greenish at base. Legs, dark greenish-grey. Non-breeding: Upperparts, paler brownish-grey with less streaking on head, and no chestnut feathers. Primary coverts, darker than rest of wing. Underparts, lightly streaked on breast and flanks, with few dark spots on breast. Undertail coverts, white.
Immatures: Browner above. Breast, brownish-buff streaked with dark brown.
Other Names (World)
Great Knot, Greater Knot, Japanese Knot, Stripe-crowned Knot, Slender-billed Knot, Eastern Knot, Large Sandpiper, Great Sandpiper
Family
Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes)
Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China (mainland) (NB), Guam (NB), Hong Kong (China), India, Indonesia, Iran [Islamic Republic of] (NB), Japan, Malaysia, Micronesia [Federated States of] (NB), Myanmar, North Korea, Northern Mariana Islands (NB), Oman (NB), Pakistan, Palau (NB), Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia (Asian), Saudi Arabia (P), Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan (China), Thailand, Timor-Leste (NB) (P), United Arab Emirates (NB), Vietnam.
Vagrant to Bahrain, Denmark, Djibouti, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Mauritius, Morocco, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norway, Seychelles, Spain, United Kingdom, USA, Yemen.
North-eastern Siberia, from Verkhoyansk Mts east to Magadan, Koryak Highlands and southern Chukotskiy Peninsula; distribution poorly known. Winters mainly in south-eastern Asia and Australia; also in Arabia, Pakistan, north-western & north-eastern India and Bangladesh.
 
Population
Estimated population is 290,000 (2010) and decreasing.
Status EN
Degradation and loss of wetland habitats through environmental pollution, reduced river flows and human disturbance are the main threats.
For more information see BirdLife International Species Factsheet.
Habits
Usually in small groups, often associated with godwits.
Food
Mainly bivalve molluscs, gastropods, polychaete worms, crabs, shrimps and sea-cucumbers. Also seeds, berries and insects during the breeding season.
Voice
Usually silent. Also a double whistle and calls that resemble the Red Knot (Calidris canutus).
Great Knot (Calidris tenuirostris) [XC396375]
by id from Trevozhnaya, Golden Ridge, Anadyrsky District, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russian Federation (alarm call)
Great Knot (Calidris tenuirostris) [XC118149]
by Christian A. Jensen from Barr al Hikman, Oman, Oman (flight call)
Nest
A slight depression in reindeer moss.
Eggs (Guide)
Usually 4; grey-yellow liberally speckled with red-brown markings; ellipsoidal; about 51 x 37 mm.
Subspecies
No subspecies.
Similar Species
Red Knot (Calidris canutus)
Smaller. Non-breeding with non-breeding. Bill, shorter. Eyestripe, darker and more distinct. Eyebrow, white and longer, from base of bill to behind eye. Lacks a white rump.
Compare Images
The Field Guide to the Birds of Australia Pizzey, G., and Knight, E., 1997, Angus & Robertson, Sydney ISBN 0 207 19691 5
Field Guide to Australian Birds Morecombe, M., 2000, Steve Parish Publishing Pty Ltd. ISBN 1 876282 10 X
Field Guide to the Birds of Australia Simpson, K., and Day, N., 1999, 6th Edition, Viking ISBN 0 670 87918 5
Reader's Digest Complete Book of Australian Birds 1988, 2nd Edition, Reader's Digest ISBN 0 949819 99 9
What Bird is That? 1984, Revised Edition, Angus & Robertson, Sydney ISBN 0 207 14846 5
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds 1990 - , Oxford University Press, Melbourne ISBN 0 19 553244 9