Denmark (NB), Estonia (NB) (P), Finland (NB) (P), Japan (NB), Latvia (NB), Lithuania (NB), Norway (NB), Poland (NB), Russia (Asian) (B), Russia (Central Asian) (B), Russia (European) (B) (NB) (P), Sweden (NB), USA (B).
Vagrant to Belgium, China (mainland), France, Germany, Greenland, Iceland, Netherlands Antilles, Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands, United Kingdom.
Arctic coasts of northern Alaska westwards to Taymyr Peninsula, Siberia; occasionally further west to extreme northern Norway.
 
Population
Estimated population is 110,000 - 125,000 (2010) and decreasing.