South-eastern Brazil from central Bahia (Chapada Diamantina) south to northern Rio Grande do Sul, also adjacent eastern Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Itapúa) and north-eastern Argentina (Misiones, north-eastern Corrientes).
 
Population
Estimated population is unknown (2010).
Black-billed Scythebill (Campylorhamphus falcularius) [XC472435]
by Ciro Albano from Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Ecol\u00f3gica de Bananal, Bananal, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil (call)
Black-billed Scythebill (Campylorhamphus falcularius) [XC288381]
by Douglas Meyer from Treze T\u00edlias, Treze T\u00edlias, Santa Catarina, Brazil (song)
Subspecies
No subspecies.
Sometimes thought to form a superspecies with Red-billed Scythebill (Campylorhamphus trochilirostris). Regarded by some authors as conspecific, an arrangement disputed by most. Close relationship with Curve-billed Scythebill (Campylorhamphus procurvoides) is also suggested.